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পৃথিবী সৌরজগতের ভেতরের অংশের সবচেয়ে ঘন ও বড় গ্রহ। এটিই এ অঞ্চলের একমাত্র গ্রহ যাতে বর্তমানেও ভূতাত্ত্বিক ক্রিয়া-প্রতিক্রিয়া চলছে। এটা আমাদের জানা একমাত্র গ্রহ যাতে জীবনের অস্তিত্ব রয়েছে। এর তরল জলমণ্ডল সৌরজগতের ভেতরের অংশে অনন্য। এটিই একমাত্র গ্রহ যাতে গ্রহ টেকটোনিক পর্যবেক্ষন করা গেছে। পৃথিবীর বায়ুমণ্ডল অন্যান্য যেকোন গ্রহ থেকে অনেক ভিন্ন। এখানে শতকরা ২১ ভাগ অক্সিজেন থাকার কারণেই জীবনের বিকাশ ঘটা সম্ভব হয়েছে। এর একটি মাত্র প্রাকৃতিক উপগ্রহ আছে যার নাম চাঁদ বা ‘মুন’। সৌরজগতের অন্য কোন পার্থিব গ্রহের এত বড় উপগ্রহ নেই।

The sun has extremely important influences on our planet: It drives weather, ocean currents, seasons, and climate, and makes plant life possible through photosynthesis. Without the sun’s heat and light, life on Earth would not exist.

While the solar radiation incident on the Earth’s atmosphere is relatively constant, the radiation at the Earth’s surface varies widely due to: atmospheric effects, including absorption and scattering; local variations in the atmosphere, such as water vapour, clouds, and pollution; latitude of the location; and the season of the year and the time of day. The above effects have several impacts on the solar radiation received at the Earth’s surface. These changes include variations in the overall power received, the spectral content of the light and the angle from which light is incident on a surface. In addition, a key change is that the variability of the solar radiation at a particular location increases dramatically. The variability is due to both local effects such as clouds and seasonal variations, as well as other effects such as the length of the day at a particular latitude. Desert regions tend to have lower variations due to local atmospheric phenomena such as clouds. Equatorial regions have low variability between seasons. Solar radiation at the Earth’s surface varies from the solar radiation incident on the Earth’s atmosphere. Cloud cover, air pollution, latitude of a location, and the time of the year can all cause variations in solar radiance at the Earth’s surface. The amount of energy reaching the surface of the Earth every hour is greater than the amount of energy used by the Earth’s population over an entire year.

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